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J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015 Jul;136(1):96-103.e9. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.04.015. Epub 2015 Jun 1.

Exacerbation of atopic dermatitis on grass pollen exposure in an environmental challenge chamber.

Werfel T1, Heratizadeh A2, Niebuhr M1, Kapp A1, Roesner LM1, Karch A3, Erpenbeck VJ4, Lösche C4, Jung T4, Krug N5, Badorrek P6, Hohlfeld JM5.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

 It has frequently been speculated that pruritus and skin lesions develop after topical exposure to aeroallergens in sensitized patients with atopic dermatitis (AD).

OBJECTIVE:

We sought to study cutaneous reactions to grass pollen in adult patients with AD with accompanying clear IgE sensitization to grass allergen in an environmental challenge chamber using a monocenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled study design.

METHODS:

Subjects were challenged on 2 consecutive days with either 4000 pollen grains/m(3) of Dactylis glomerata pollen or clean air. The severity of AD was assessed at each study visit up to 5 days after challenge by (objective) scoring of AD (SCORAD). Additionally, air-exposed and non-air-exposed skin areas were each scored using local SCORAD scoring and investigator global assessments. Levels of a series of serum cytokines and chemokines were determined by using a Luminex-based immunoassay. The primary end point of the study was the change in objective SCORAD scores between prechallenge and postchallenge values.

RESULTS:

Exposure to grass pollen induced a significant worsening of AD. A pronounced eczema flare-up of air-exposed rather than covered skin areas occurred. In grass pollen-exposed subjects a significantly higher increase in CCL17, CCL22, and IL-4 serum levels was observed.

CONCLUSIONS:

 This study demonstrates that controlled exposure to airborne allergens of patients with a so-called extrinsic IgE-mediated form of AD induced a worsening of cutaneous symptoms.