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The Concept of Pollen Panallergens: Profilins and Polcalcins

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The Concept of Pollen Panallergens: Profilins and Polcalcins
M Wallner, F Ferreira, H Hofer, M Hauser

Abstract

Because of their ubiquitous distribution and high level of cross-reactivity, profilins and polcalcins are classified as panallergens. To date, 43 profilin and 15 polcalcin allergens have been identified. Panallergens frequently cause a pattern of multiple sensitizations in skin prick tests. Moreover, IgE specific for a number of biologically unrelated allergen sources exist. These sensitizations and cross-reactivities are usually irrelevant and, only sporadically, do panallergens represent clinically relevant major allergens. On rare occasions, severe allergic reactions to food have been observed among profilin-allergic patients. Pronounced sensitization to polcalcins may possibly be linked to an elevated risk of asthma. Moreover, panallergens affect the analytical specificity of pollen and food allergen extracts in skin prick tests and in IgE-based diagnosis. Thus, sensitization toward panallergens resembles an important indication to complement allergy diagnosis with source-related, species-specific marker major allergens. These marker allergens contribute significantly to the analytical specificity necessary for identifying the disease-eliciting allergen sources for allergen-specific immunotherapy.
 
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