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Abstract

Background: 

Over the last few decades, the level of pollen from birch and homolo-gous  trees  has  increased  in  parts  of  Europe.  Sensitization  to  birch  pollen  allergens  (principally Bet v 1) has been associated with food cross-reactivity called pollen food allergy syndrome (PFAS).

Objective: 

To  evaluate  changes  in  allergic  diseases  due  to  IgE  sensitization  over  25 years in asthmatic children.

Methods: 

This  was  a  cross-sectional  retrospective  study  conducted  in  Paris.  We  analyzed two cohorts of asthmatic children with similar characteristics explored be-tween 1993-1999 (old cohort = OC) and 2012-2018 (recent cohort = RC).

Results:

121 children were in the OC and 120 in the RC. An increase in sensitization to tree pollens was found especially for birch pollen, which was 11.6% in the OC and 31% in the RC (P= .0002). Allergic rhinitis prevalence was significantly higher in the RC than in the OC (96% vs 52%, respectively, P< .0001). 

IgE-mediated food allergy increased  from  6%  to  16%  in  the  OC  and  RC,  respectively,  (P=  .01)  mainly  due  to  PFAS.  In  the  RC,  a  higher  mean  Bet  v  1-specific  IgE  level  was  observed  in  children  with PFAS compared to children without (105.7 KU/L ± 17.8 and 48.9 kU/L ±  1 5 .7,   respectively, P< .05).

Conclusion: 

Allergic  rhinitis  and  food  allergy  with  tree  pollen  sensitization  have  in-creased in Paris over 25 years mainly due to PFAS. Environmental factors could be responsible for these modifications as described in the literature.